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Browse all of Dr. Alaa Hammouda's articles

81

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 3

History

Betrayed by his own adviser Phanes, Egypt falls to Cambyses II of Persia — until a real omen, the birth of the Apis bull...

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82

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 4

History

With an Egyptian plan Themistocles wins at Marathon, a revolt in Egypt buys Greece time to unite, and Alexander the Grea...

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83

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 5

History

In 1365 the Cypriot king Pierre de Lusignan sacked Alexandria by surprise; Egypt's Mamluk sultan Barsbay later took his...

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84

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 6

History

Selim I used treachery to bring down the Mamluks, while Sheikh Hammam and later Ibrahim Pasha rose against Ottoman rule;...

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85

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 7

History

Ibrahim Pasha turns an Ottoman ambush in the Belen passes into a rout with a counter-intelligence masterstroke, then mar...

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86

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 8

History

After crushing the Ottomans at Nizip, Egypt's intelligence machine meets its match: Sarah Aaronsohn's Nili network feeds...

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87

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 9

History

Richard Sorge's Ramzay network warns Stalin of Operation Barbarossa and that Japan will not fight — warnings ignored unt...

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88

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 10

History

A drunken Churchill blurted out the Sicily plan, so British intelligence faked a drowned officer carrying secret papers...

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89

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 11

History

Harold Cole betrayed the French Resistance to the Gestapo, then played Nazis, Britons and Soviets against one another. E...

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90

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 12

History

Duško Popov, the Serbian playboy who inspired James Bond, fed the Nazis fake secrets and helped bait Japan into striking...

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91

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 13

History

A freelance spy named Garbo fooled the Nazis with a network of 27 agents who never existed, while his team prepared the...

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92

Spies Who Changed the Course of History 14

History

Buried under Gestapo suspicion and a dead dog, the Allied spy ring survives to sell Hitler a wooden army at Calais, and...

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