When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I, the Ottoman Minister of War "Enver Pasha" ordered the transfer of the Ottoman Fourth Army in September 1914, from the Russian front to Baghdad, then to Damascus.. and there.. he extends his control over natural Syria, including Lebanon and Palestine.. in the Ottoman Empire's pursuit of recovering Egypt from the hands of the English.

And with the start of the war, the Ottoman Empire decides that the presence of the Armenians is a thorn in its back.. because they are Orthodox Christians like Russia.. and might cooperate with them or attack them suddenly from behind, so a new stage begins, of the Armenian massacres.. but this time.. with the aim of exterminating them completely from the face of the earth.. The history of this massacre actually began on 15 April.. of the year 1915.. when the Ottoman "Cevdet Bey" demanded from the Armenian city of "Van".. 4,000 Armenian young men for service in the Ottoman army.. so the city said we have only 600 capable of fighting.. so he accused them of rebellion.. and said publicly "I will kill every Christian man and every Christian woman and every child up to here".. and he gestured to his knee.. meaning every child whose height reached his knee.

He began to implement it on 24 April of the year 1915.. and he began by confiscating all the property of the Armenians in Istanbul and deporting them by force.. and whoever knocked on the door of the Ottomans and asked them "who".. they would kill him on the spot.. The Ottomans gathered all the Armenian men capable of fighting.. and transferred them to Ankara, and there they began to exterminate them.. either by direct killing.. or by forced labor in the service of the army without food or drink.

All of this was covered by media propaganda.. and the Turkish newspapers accused the Armenians that they were going to fight with the Russians.. and that they were going to open the Dardanelles strait (I don't know how).. and the second extermination campaign against the Armenians began.. the one next to which the first Armenian massacres and the Hamidian massacres.. would be considered a nice picnic by comparison.

"Talaat Pasha" the founder of the "Ottoman Liberty" society.. and one of the founders of Union and Progress, submitted a request to the Grand Vizier "Halim Pasha".. a request in which he asked him to advance a law.. permitting deportation operations.. so the Ottoman Parliament issued the "Deportation Law" on 27 May of the year 1915.

The Armenians were arrested.. and their men capable of fighting were killed.. and their deportation on foot to Syria began.. a few who escaped these stories survived and came to Egypt.. and lived among its people.. and a few escaped to Europe.. but the majority were deported on foot without food or drink with their children.. so they ate grasses and geckos and cockroaches and the remains of bones.. while their Ottoman guard hunted wild animals and roasted them.. any sums they had were confiscated as "deportation fees".. during the journey there were no tents or shelter of any kind.. they slept in the open in the cold at night and walked by day in the burning sun.. so many of them died of hunger and disease.

And the Ottoman Empire used to put the Armenians in special camps.. starving them there deliberately.. and whoever objected was killed in the most horrific way.. the rape of women was customary in this campaign.. the Grand Vizier ordered the soldiers to do with the women "whatever they wished".. to the point that Germany itself, despite being an ally of the Ottomans.. condemned these actions.. The German consul was an eyewitness to the Ottomans' actions in Aleppo.. and wrote in official documents that the Ottoman commander besieged 2,400 Armenians in a camp and left them to die of hunger.. to the point that they searched the dung of the Ottoman horses, looking for any undigested grains or herbs.. and that he had offered to 500 hungry children.. a plate containing 500 grams of bread.. to fight over it.

The Ottoman officer "Hasan Maruf" wrote in pride, how he gathered the people of an entire Armenian village.. and burned them alive.. and "the shortest way to get rid of the women and children concentrated in the various camps was to burn them".. and he described their screams and the smell of their burning bodies with the utmost composure.. The truth is that he imprisoned 80,000 Armenians in 90 villages he passed through, inside the horse stables.. and burned them alive with them.

And the two Ottoman doctors "Bahattin Shakir" and "Nazim Bey" were among the prominent figures in the Union and Progress society.. so they went and conducted lethal human medical experiments on Armenian prisoners.. relating to drug doses.. and to see which dose of a drug could kill a child.. and they tested poisonous gases on infants.. and they tested the effect of quicklime on bodies.

And the horrific Hamidian massacres had left approximately 400 thousand Armenian victims.. but these massacres, left behind them nearly 2 million victims.

And at the same time, in Haifa "Jamal Pasha" the commander of the Ottoman Fourth Army, meets a beautiful Jewish girl, born in Haifa, named "Sarah Aaronsohn".. who is in this picture.

And "Jamal Pasha" is taken with "Sarah".. and she reciprocates the admiration, and the day does not pass without her being in his arms in his private rest house.. on a warm intimate night.. while his men were dying in the Mediterranean.. and the Ottoman army was being ground up on the Russian front.. and the inhabitants of the entire planet were almost all striking each other.

And on this night Sarah traveled with him in the horizons of pleasure to the most unbridled regions of his imagination.. so she captivated his heart and bewitched him.. and he could no longer do without her.. so she became attached to him.. and moved with him. Even in his field movements.. "Jamal's" love for "Sarah" was intense.. and he described her as "a beautiful woman, tender, charming.. warm".

And the Ottomans were supposed to advance, within a few days, trying to cross the Egyptian Suez Canal, and fight the English in Egypt, but he was surprised by a rain of shells, from the artillery of the English fleet anchored in the Suez Canal.. and luckily for him these ships begin to withdraw because of a report of movements of German ships approaching the coasts of Palestine.. so he seizes the opportunity and returns, and makes a moving bridge, to cross from the eastern bank of the Canal to the western, and the Ottoman boats begin to descend into the water indeed.. so the hero Admiralay "Ahmed Helmi" attacks him, with an Egyptian force, and attacks the boats and forces them to retreat, and then sacrifices himself and blows up the bridge, and is martyred in the battle.

And "Jamal" retreats.. and begins to arrange his papers, and returns at night to his rest house exhausted, to throw himself into the arms of "Sarah" who makes him forget all the fatigue and problems of the battles.

And when "Jamal's" head grew heavy with "Sarah" he would open his heart to her, and talk to her about his plans and the instructions that reached him from the Ottoman Empire and its aim.. and he told her how the Ottoman Empire, in agreement with the Germans, violated the two Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, and that they were using "chlorine gas".. and that Germany had already sent several shipments of this gas to the Ottoman Empire.. and he informed her of the arrival date of the new shipments and how they would arrive on camouflaged ships raising the Italian flag.. and Italy was still neutral.. and despite that the French ships intercepted this last gas shipment at sea, before it reached the Ottoman Empire.

And after days, with the beginning of January, of the year 1915.. "Jamal Pasha" heads with an Ottoman-German camel corps battalion to occupy the city of El-Tor in Sinai, and is surprised by a small force there, of 150 men.. so he begins to attack El-Tor.. but the 150 soldiers stand up to him under the command of Yuzbashi "Mustafa Helmi".. and force him to withdraw.

And on 3 February, "Jamal Pasha" tries again, but this time some Bedouins had shown him rugged interlocking routes, far from the range of the Allied fleet's fire, on which he marched his soldiers until he reached Beersheba, and decided to make Beersheba the center of his campaign against Egypt.. and from there.. he attacked the Canal from Qantara and Ismailia and Serapeum and El Ferdan and Suez at one and the same time.. but in the Canal cities he faced extremely violent resistance from the residents and the police.. which forced him to withdraw.. and he was surprised that the joint Egyptian-English forces were waiting for him at the Canal, and annihilated his men there.. to the last soldier.

And the Ottomans' attempts to occupy Egypt a second time end, in their last battles here, namely "the Battle of Romani" in which 9,200 Ottoman soldiers fall before the Egyptian-English forces dead.. out of 10 thousand.. so the Ottoman Empire turns its eyes away from invading Egypt.

Defeats follow one after another upon the Ottoman Empire.. and in the region of the Carpathian mountains the Russians win a crushing victory over the Ottomans, so great that the commander of the Ottoman Second Army said the Russians seemed to know the Ottomans' movements in advance and were a step ahead of them.

Italy did not want to enter the war against the Ottoman Empire, because the Ottoman Empire had previously granted Libya as a gift on a golden platter, to Italy by the Treaty of Lausanne, in the year 1912.. but England keeps pressing Italy.. and promises it that it will confirm it in the lands it occupies including Libya.. if it enters the war, along with the other gains in case of victory.. so Italy signs the London alliance in 1915, and enters the war on the side of the Allies.

And the defeats went on following one after another on the Ottoman front, without justification or understandable reason.. and in the year 1916, taking advantage of the opportunity of the Ottoman Empire's defeats and its being occupied on the war fronts, "Hussein bin Ali", the Sharif of Mecca, launches the spark of the Arab Revolt in the Hejaz against Ottoman rule.. and immediately England rushes to him and supplies him and his men with weapons.. so he enters Jeddah and by 31 October of the same year, he had entered Taif and Mecca, and the Allied states recognized him at once, as King of the Hejaz.. and the commander of the Ottoman forces "Lieutenant General Ghalib Pasha" was defeated before him.. and by the year 1917, he had expelled the Ottoman forces from the Hejaz.

And the war flares up more.. and Romania joins the Allied front, and then the German submarines set off along with the Ottoman submarine "Abdul Hamid" which it had bought from England in the year 1886, and they sink seven American ships, and America was neutral.. and they try to pin this matter on the English, especially since the shells of the submarine "Abdul Hamid" were English-made like the entire submarine.. but documented information arrives, making the Americans examine the wreckage well and realize that they are German-Ottoman submarines.. and on 6 April, of the year 1917, America declares war on Germany and the Ottoman Empire, and joins the Allies.

And despite Russia's problems with its internal revolution.. but the Ottoman Empire went on being defeated before it time after time and battle after battle.. and no one understood the secret of the Russian-English foreknowledge of all the steps of the Ottoman Empire.. until in late September, of the year 1917, one of the hungry Ottoman soldiers in Gaza fires at a flock of birds, and shoots a pigeon and is surprised that tied to its legs is a small message, which he rushes with to the head of the Ottoman intelligence unit who finds with him a strange incomprehensible coded message.. so he sets about decoding it with his men.

And the man succeeds in cracking the code, and discovers astonished that the message contains extremely precise information, about the movements of the Ottoman forces near the coast in Syria in preparation for bombarding the English fleet with artillery.. and with the precision of the information that is available only to commanders.. suspicions circled around "Sarah", the lover of the commander of the Ottoman Fourth Army "Jamal Pasha".. and the Ottomans put her under surveillance.. and arrested her on 5 October of the same year, while she was heading with a new message, to a bird shop owned by a Jewish man in Haifa.. they arrested him too.. and under torture, confessions came one after another from the two of them.

So "Sarah" in truth was nothing but an English spy, belonging to a Jewish-English espionage network called "Nili" whose letters are an acronym for the phrase "the eternity of Israel is not a lie".. aiming to establish a national home for the Jews in Palestine.. and to help England by every means to achieve this goal.

And it became clear that all the information that used to arrive from the leadership to "Jamal" Pasha, he would cast into the ears of "Sarah" while he laid his head on her breast, so she memorized it well, and in the morning, she would rush to the bird shop with a coded message, and send it to the commander of the English fleet in Suez, who in turn would inform his leadership in England.

And despite their discovery that she was a spy, "Jamal" orders that her torture be stopped, and that her wishes be fulfilled and that she be treated kindly until her deportation for trial in Istanbul.. so she asks that she go to her home and change her clothes that had become filled with blood from the beating and torture.. so he agrees and sends her with a group of soldiers...

And in her home she asks to enter the bathroom.. and the soldiers agree when they find the bathroom window reinforced with iron bars.. and "Sarah" enters the bathroom.. and takes out a small pistol, which she had hidden under one of the floor tiles.. and puts it in her mouth and fires.

And the strange thing is that "Sarah" did not die.. but her jaw was shattered and her spinal cord damaged and the bullet passed through her neck without killing her.. and the doctors began trying to treat her.. and she was in terrible pain and asked her doctor to put her out of her misery.. but he kept easing her pain with morphine.. trying to keep her alive.. until she died four days later, on 10 October of the year 1917.. after she had caused countless defeats for the Ottoman Empire and inflicted heavy losses upon it.

And with this strong disappointment.. and the blows of the Allies, the Central Powers collapse quickly, and the Ottoman Empire raises the white flag and surrenders on 30 October, of the year 1918.. four months after the death of the image Sultan "Mehmed V" and the accession of "Mehmed VI" to rule in his place.. and in his reign most of the lands of the Ottoman Empire were occupied.. except for a few places.. and in the year 1919, this Sultan ordered "Mustafa Kemal Ataturk" to inspect Anatolia and dismantle and dissolve all the Ottoman forces in it.. but "Ataturk" refused and rebelled against him.. and decided to attack him.. so the Sultan attacked him with the forces of the capital and the guard and the sultanate.. and the Ottoman Empire entered into a civil war.. on 19 May of the year 1919, which "Ataturk" called the "Turkish War of Independence".

And during that, on 10 August of the year 1920.. the defeated Ottoman Empire signs with the victorious Allied states the "Treaty of Sevres".. and under it the Ottoman government cancels its sovereignty over Palestine and recognizes the British Mandate over it.. for the establishment of a national home for the Jews in it.

In the same treaty the Ottoman Empire cancels its sovereignty over the Levant and hands Syria and Lebanon to the French Mandate.. and in this treaty the Ottoman Empire also gives up all the lands it occupied whose people speak a language other than Turkish.. This treaty provoked the anger of "Ataturk" because it was concluded with the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and took no account of his existence and his forces on the ground.. so when he defeated the Sultan.. the latter fled aboard a British battleship on 17 November of the year 1922, and lived in Italy as a refugee.. until his death in 1926.. and after him came "Abdulmejid II".. and this is the last of the sultans of the House of Osman.. and he sat for 3 months and they exiled him too along with the rest of the House of Osman all of them.. and "Ataturk" at that time was seeking to amend some of the clauses of the treaty.

"Ataturk" succeeds in pressuring Europe.. so they sit down and amend the Treaty of Sevres, and make the "Treaty of Lausanne II".. and it was the same as the Treaty of Sevres.. no victor leaves gains he took to a loser.. so in this treaty Turkey confirms England's hold on Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.. and Italy's on Libya.. and only asks for the redrawing of its borders.. so it annexes Mersin and Tarsus and Cilicia and Adana and Antep and Kilis and Marash and Urfa and Harran and Diyarbakir and Mardin and Nusaybin and Jazirat Ibn Omar.

"Ataturk" becomes Prime Minister.. and issues his decision to officially abolish the Ottoman Caliphate.. and transfer the capital from Istanbul to Ankara.. and declares the secularism of the state.. and Europe recognizes the new Turkey.. and the Ottoman Caliphate falls at the hands of "Turkey".. which rises upon its ruins.

"Ataturk" in truth his name is "Mustafa Kemal Ali Rida Effendi".. and although he was a garbage man.. like all those who preceded him.. the joy of the Turks themselves at the end of the nightmare of the caliphate that had squatted on their chests made them call him "Ataturk".. meaning "the father of the Turks".

And with that the Ottoman Caliphate has ended, and fallen never to return.. and there remains for us only one episode, with which we conclude the horrifying nightmare that loomed over the East and drowned it in darkness and backwardness for centuries.. and then it will be time for the talk... the conclusion.

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- Previous posts in the first comment.

- The picture is of the spy "Sarah Aaronsohn".

- The second picture is of the Ottoman camel corps forces that attacked the city of El-Tor in Sinai during World War I.

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#Ottoman_Caliphate 47