Europe's economic crisis, which occurred because of the campaign against Alexandria.. and the terrible rise in prices in it.. poured into "Murad's" favour.. because he began to fight while his opponents were exhausted in a crisis.. and Europe had begun to worry about the Ottomans' expansions.. so a small Italian military force moved to "Gallipoli".. which "Orhan", "Murad's" father, had conquered.. and besieged it by day.. and when night fell.. the Ottoman garrison withdrew from "Gallipoli" in extreme quiet.. and left them the city.
And at the same time the Byzantine Empire had begun to disagree with "Murad" anew.. so its emperor headed for Hungary, to coordinate with them about war with the Ottomans.. and to swear obedience and loyalty to the Pope of Europe.. and to abandon the Orthodox doctrine.. and embrace the Catholic doctrine.. because, as we read together.. the Catholics considered the Orthodox to be erring heretics.
And with this alliance.. the Ottomans began to retreat.. and they were defeated at the Bulgarian city of "Sozopol" on the Black Sea, and withdrew.. and the alliance seized the Ottoman fortress of "Enyakosia" on the Sea of Marmara.. and afterwards burned "Orhan's" fortress nearby.. and razed it to the ground.. and then they entered "Edirne" and crushed the Ottoman garrison there utterly.. and the Byzantine state recovered it.. and left a new garrison in it.. and raised its flag over its soil.
And in the midst of these problems a new problem appeared to "Murad".
His eighteen-year-old son "Savcı Bey".. saw that his father's military adventures would bring ruin upon them.. and that Europe would not stay silent and would sweep away their country.. so he agreed secretly with a Byzantine emir to depose his father "Murad" while he was on one of his military adventures.. and to take the throne in his place.
And from the pulpits the sheikhs began to pray for "Savcı" and to deliver their sermons in his name.. and "Murad" learned that his son had occupied "Rumelia" and fortified it.. so he sent military units of the army against him.. but "Savcı" defeated them with the soldiers who had taken his side.. in addition to the forces of the Byzantine emir "Andronikos", which stood at his side against "Murad".
And when "Murad" is unable to storm "Rumelia".. he sends against it the terrifying Janissary forces.. and he does indeed storm it.. and defeats its garrison.. and his son "Savcı" flees to Greece.
But "Murad" bribes some Greek pirates.. so they kidnap "Savcı" and bring him back to "Murad".. so he sentences him to a unique punishment.. which would later become a tradition in the House of Osman.
They bind "Savcı".. and fix his eyelids open with pins.. and then they pour into each eye.. a drop of molten red-hot lead.
This punishment would later become a favourite activity among the brothers, fathers and sons who fought over the throne in this lovely family. The Princes' Island in Turkey.. which we know as the "Island of the Princesses".. was a large torture cellar for these practices.. and the historians said that if you passed by the island at night in a boat.. you would hear the screams of the princes and princesses whose eyes had been burned as they were thrown into their cells there.
The Ottoman historian "Feridun Bey" describes this incident and says, "So Murad deprived his son of the light of his eyes and took from him the blessing of sight".. some historians wanted to soften the matter and show that "Murad" was a kind, tender-hearted man.. so they told you, "No, he only poured acid into his eyes.. and left him half blind"...!
In any case.. "Murad" settled the matter, and after he left his son for a period to suffer and be tortured.. and felt that he had taken enough revenge.. he sent to him in his exile in Bursa a man of the Janissaries, who killed him by strangling him with a silk cord.. this too is a favourite method of killing.. it would become a tradition in the "House of Osman".
And in Anatolia there was an Islamic emirate that had previously been subject to the Byzantine Empire.. called the "Karamanoğlu Emirate".. and its emir was "Alaeddin ibn Ali".. he felt that the Ottomans would inevitably attack his country.. so he began to form an alliance of the surrounding Turkmen emirates.. in order to stand up to the Ottomans.. and he did indeed succeed.. to the point that he decided to strike them in a pre-emptive blow.. so when "Murad" learned.. he offered to "Alaeddin" his daughter "Nefise".. so that he would marry her and matters would calm between them.. until later.
"Murad" then began to lure the emirs of the Turkmen towns around "Alaeddin" and they joined the Ottomans.. and after that "Murad" asked "Alaeddin" to submit to him.. and for Karaman to become an emirate subordinate to the Ottomans.. so "Alaeddin" refused.. and told him that he would not allow the sons of Karaman to have a fifth of them taken every year and become slaves.. so "Murad" thought that he had married his daughter to him.. and he must obey him.. but "Alaeddin" told him that their marriage alliance would not mean that he would abandon his country whatever the price.
And here there is no escape but war.. "Murad" brings mercenary forces from Serbia.. along with some from Greece and Macedonia.. and tells them to enter Karaman.. and loot in it and take whatever spoils they wish from it.
And indeed this happens.. and "Alaeddin" is defeated.. and these mixed Serbian forces enter and loot the city.. so "Murad" suddenly emerges.. and announces his rejection of what is happening.. and sends the Janissary forces to arrest the Serbs.. and.. and he executes them all!
And here the people of Karaman feel that he is their saviour and that he is a righteous man.. and under the pressures.. "Alaeddin ibn Ali" submits to him.. and "Murad" enters the capital of Karaman.. which we know today by its distinctive name...
Ankara.
And "Murad" returns to his expansion toward Europe.. and seizes the opportunity of the struggle of its kings and emirs over their thrones.. and takes Salonica and Thessaly.. and begins to fight the Serbs.
"Murad" courted the Mamluk state in Egypt.. and announced publicly that they were the leaders of the Islamic world.. and acknowledged their political authority.. and said explicitly that the role of the Ottomans was only "the beys who guard the borders of the abode of Islam".. as the historian "Muhammad Suhayl Taqquish" mentioned in his book History of the Mamluks in Egypt and the Levant ".. Beirut - Lebanon: Dar al-Nafais. pages 399 - 400.
And the Serbs had begun to come out to fight the Ottomans because of the constant threat from them.. and they began to defeat them in several places indeed.. and this was because the Ottoman army led by "Shahin Bey" split against itself.. and nearly half of it left obedience to the command.. and became occupied with looting the surrounding villages and towns.. so the Serbian Tsar "Lazar Hrebeljanović" fell upon the Ottoman army in an overwhelming attack.. and destroyed more than 60% of its forces in the "Battle of Pločnik".
The Serbs proved that the Ottomans could be defeated.. and this began to stir in the breasts of the emirs of many countries subject to the Ottomans the thought of rebellion.. so "Murad" decided to defeat the Serbs whatever the price.
And in Kosovo.. on the fifteenth of June in the year 1389.. the Ottoman army led by "Murad" and his two sons "Yakub" and "Bayezid" meets the Serbian army led by Tsar "Lazar" and his son-in-law "Vuk Branković".. and "Lazar" pressed on "Yakub's" front with violence and ferocity.. which forced them to retreat.. and chaos prevailed among the Janissary forces.. and the Serbs almost won.. had something strange not suddenly happened.
"Lazar's" son-in-law carried out what he had secretly agreed with "Murad" and took his price.. so he withdrew from the Tsar's side with ten thousand soldiers.. and joined the Ottomans!
And the Ottomans won this time.. and the Tsar "Lazar" was taken captive.. in the battle of Kosovo.. which they call the "Battle of Quswa".
And after the victory.. and while "Murad" was inspecting the bodies of the dead in pride and arrogance.. amid his Janissary men.. a Serbian soldier stained with blood suddenly rose.. he had been feigning death.. and he fell upon "Murad" suddenly and ripped open his belly with his dagger.. before he met his own fate.. under the swords of the Janissaries.
This soldier's name was "Miloš Obilić" and his name is still immortalized as a popular hero in Serbian history.. to this very day.
They try to save "Murad" but it is no use.. and it was said that the Serbian dagger was poisoned.. so he met his death in turn in the same year.. and left two sons fit to rule.. "Yakub Bey" and "Bayezid Bey".
The first act "Bayezid" undertakes before burying his father.. is that he pays a bribe to some Ottoman soldiers.. so they fall upon "Yakub".. and kill him by strangling him with a silk cord as well.. and thus none remained fit to rule but "Bayezid".. this move made soldiers turn against "Bayezid" because "Yakub" was their commander.. so he unleashed the Janissaries upon them.. and they submitted to him in the end.
Some historians recorded that "Bayezid" sought a fatwa from the sheikhs of the Ottoman state before killing his brother.. because his brother's life would cause people to be seduced and create sedition over the matter of rule.. so they told him, "Sedition is worse than killing".. so killing is better.. so he put his trust in God and saw his brother off to the graveyard.
"Bayezid I" takes over the rule.. in the year 1389.. and calls himself:
"The Thunderbolt of Islam (!) Sultan of the Land of the Romans, the Ghazi, Jalal al-Din Yildirim Bayezid Khan I ibn Murad ibn Orhan the Ottoman"...!!!
And this brother, the "Thunderbolt of Islam", was addicted to alcohol and hashish.. so he brought the sheikhs who had given him a fatwa to kill his brother.. so they gave him a fatwa that wine and hashish are lawful for the Sultan because they are things that elevate the soul and make him happy.. and when he is happy he can think and plan and make his subjects happy and tend to the affairs of religion!
And in the era of "Bayezid I" matters develop greatly.. especially with the appearance of a Mongol king.. who despised the Ottomans.. and saw that they ought to be subordinate to him.
And this Mongol king's name was "Tamerlane".. and his story with "Bayezid" is a long one.. so we shall continue our talk about it later.
And there remains for the talk.. more to come.
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Previous posts
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1 - http://bit.ly/32Q5W4t
2 - http://bit.ly/2SJESze
3 - http://bit.ly/2YmsINT
4 - http://bit.ly/2KekUZo
5 - http://bit.ly/31c7XWU
6 - http://bit.ly/2Zv9iaL
7 - http://bit.ly/2GNIyee
8 - http://bit.ly/2ZgkHP0
9 - http://bit.ly/2NkRT1r
10 - http://bit.ly/2ZcLSeq
11 - http://bit.ly/2U4pQVd
12 - http://bit.ly/2ZilSOL
#Ottoman_Caliphate 13
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The image is of a painting of the Battle of Kosovo.